Analisis Komparatif Jalur Hidrometalurgi dan Pirometalurgi dalam Ekstraksi Bijih Nikel Laterit untuk Bahan Baku Baterai Kendaraan Listrik
Kata Kunci:
Nikel Laterit, Hidrometalurgi, Pirometalurgi, High-Pressure Acid Leaching, Baterai Kendaraan ListrikAbstrak
Peningkatan pesat kebutuhan nikel sebagai bahan baku baterai kendaraan listrik mendorong perlunya evaluasi kritis terhadap teknologi pengolahan bijih nikel laterit. Artikel tinjauan ini menyajikan sintesis komprehensif jalur hidrometalurgi dan pirometalurgi dalam ekstraksi nikel laterit dengan fokus pada kesesuaian terhadap spesifikasi material baterai. Analisis dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik bijih, efisiensi pemulihan logam, konsumsi energi, serta dampak lingkungan berdasarkan literatur terkini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jalur hidrometalurgi, khususnya high-pressure acid leaching, saat ini merupakan pendekatan paling kompatibel untuk produksi material baterai karena kemampuannya menghasilkan nikel dan kobalt dengan tingkat kemurnian tinggi. Sebaliknya, jalur pirometalurgi tetap relevan untuk pengolahan bijih saprolit berkadar nikel tinggi, namun menghadapi keterbatasan berupa konsumsi energi yang besar dan jejak karbon yang signifikan apabila diterapkan secara konvensional. Jurnal ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan terpadu yang mengombinasikan prapengolahan pirometalurgi dengan pemurnian hidrometalurgi berpotensi menjadi strategi yang paling rasional dan berkelanjutan dalam mendukung rantai pasok bahan baku baterai kendaraan listrik berbasis nikel laterit.
Unduhan
Referensi
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