Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) Sebagai Mediator Metabolisme Energi dan Lipid Pada Sapi Perah Laktasi
Kata Kunci:
Asetat, Fermentasi Rumen, Lemak Susu, Metabolisme Energi, VFAAbstrak
Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) merupakan hasil utama fermentasi rumen yang berperan besar dalam mendukung kebutuhan energi dan metabolisme lipid pada sapi perah laktasi. Pada masa laktasi, VFA menjadi sumber energi terbesar bagi ruminansia dan berkontribusi langsung terhadap pembentukan lemak susu melalui jalur lipogenesis. Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur yang mengkaji berbagai penelitian terkait kondisi fermentasi rumen, produksi VFA, serta hubungannya dengan metabolisme energi dan sintesis lemak susu. Berbagai perlakuan pakan seperti penambahan molases dan buffer, infus asetat, pemberian fermented soybean meal (FSM), suplementasi branched-chain VFA, serta analisis mikrobioma rumen dilaporkan memengaruhi pH rumen, komposisi mikroba, dan rasio asetat:propionat. Perubahan kondisi fermentasi tersebut menentukan kestabilan produksi VFA serta arah metabolisme energi, terutama pada jalur glukoneogenesis dan pembentukan asam lemak de novo di jaringan ambing. Asetat dan butirat berperan sebagai prekursor utama pembentukan asam lemak rantai pendek dan menengah, sedangkan propionat digunakan untuk sintesis glukosa yang mendukung produksi laktosa. Selain itu, keseimbangan pakan, jenis substrat fermentasi, dan populasi mikroba tertentu seperti Firmicutes dan Bacteroidetes berpengaruh terhadap kualitas fermentasi dan profil asam lemak susu. Kajian ini memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai hubungan antara fermentasi rumen, produksi VFA, dan proses metabolik pada sapi perah laktasi sehingga dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan strategi nutrisi yang lebih efisien dan mendukung performa produksi susu.
Unduhan
Referensi
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